Hotels in Livorno

Offering garden views, Casetta dei fiori is an accommodation set in Livorno, 1.5 km from Tre Ponti Beach and 1.5 km from Rotonda Beach. Both free WiFi and parking on-site are available at the apartment free of charge. The apartment features family rooms. The units come with tiled floors and feature a fully equipped kitchen with a fridge, a dining area, a flat-screen TV with satellite channels, and a private bathroom with bidet and bathrobes. The apartment complex offers certain units that feature a balcony, and the units are equipped with a coffee machine. At the apartment complex, the units are fitted with bed linen and towels. Guests at Casetta dei fiori can enjoy windsurfing nearby, or make the most of the garden. Spiaggia delle Tamerici is 1.8 km from the accommodation, while Livorno Port is 7.4 km away. Pisa International Airport is 22 km from the property.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation.

Set in Livorno, 2.9 km from Spiaggia del Felciaio and 1.7 km from Livorno Port, Casina di Nina offers air conditioning. The property is situated 29 km from Piazza dei Miracoli, 29 km from Pisa Cathedral and 30 km from Leaning Tower of Pisa. Free WiFi is available throughout the property and Scogli dell'Accademia Beach is 2.5 km away. The apartment features 1 bedroom, a flat-screen TV, a fully equipped kitchenette with a fridge and a stovetop, and 1 bathroom with a bidet. Towels and bed linen are featured in the apartment. For added privacy, the accommodation features a private entrance. A minimarket is available at the apartment. Stazione Livorno Centrale is 4.2 km from the apartment, while Botanical Gardens of Pisa is 29 km away. Pisa International Airport is 22 km from the property.The structure is recommended for young couples. It is suggested to double check the photos and other details of the property as the contruction of the property is not suitable for all ages and group of people.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply. Managed by a private host

The recently renovated Centro città con le comodità is located in Livorno, near Livorno Port and Stazione Livorno Centrale. This property offers access to a balcony, free private parking and free WiFi. The property is non-smoking and is set 27 km from Piazza dei Miracoli. The apartment is equipped with 1 bedroom, 1 bathroom, bed linen, towels, a flat-screen TV, a dining area, a fully equipped kitchen, and a terrace with garden views. Guests can enjoy a meal on an outdoor dining area while overlooking the city views. The property offers inner courtyard views. A minimarket is available at the apartment. Pisa Cathedral is 27 km from the apartment, while Leaning Tower of Pisa is 27 km away. Pisa International Airport is 19 km from the property.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply. Managed by a private host

Offering city views, Chic&Pop Apartment by Pleiades Home is an accommodation set in Livorno, 28 km from Pisa Cathedral and 28 km from Leaning Tower of Pisa. It is located 27 km from Piazza dei Miracoli and provides a lift. Free WiFi is available throughout the property and Livorno Port is 1.1 km away. The air-conditioned apartment consists of 1 bedroom, a living room, a fully equipped kitchen with a dishwasher and a coffee machine, and 1 bathroom with a bidet and a hair dryer. Towels and bed linen are provided in the apartment. The accommodation is non-smoking. Stazione Livorno Centrale is 2.3 km from the apartment, while Botanical Gardens of Pisa is 27 km away.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply.

Located in Livorno, 1.2 km from Livorno Port and 29 km from Piazza dei Miracoli, Colben Garden House - Relax e Sole a Pochi Passi dal Mare offers a garden and air conditioning. Among the facilities at this property are private check-in and check-out and a minimarket, along with free WiFi throughout the property. The property is non-smoking and is situated 29 km from Pisa Cathedral. This apartment is equipped with 1 bedroom, a kitchen with microwave, a flat-screen TV, a seating area and 1 bathroom with a bidet. Towels and bed linen are provided in the apartment. The property has an outdoor dining area. An Italian breakfast is available at the apartment. Leaning Tower of Pisa is 29 km from Colben Garden House - Relax e Sole a Pochi Passi dal Mare, while Stazione Livorno Centrale is 3.7 km away. Pisa International Airport is 21 km from the property.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Managed by a private host

Colben Sea House - Tranquillità e Silenzio Fronte Mare is a beachfront property set in Livorno, 2.5 km from Scogli dell'Accademia Beach and 2.9 km from Spiaggia del Felciaio. Among the facilities at this property are a lift and private check-in and check-out, along with free WiFi throughout the property. The property is non-smoking and is situated 1.8 km from Livorno Port. The air-conditioned apartment consists of 2 bedrooms, a living room, a fully equipped kitchen with a microwave and a coffee machine, and 1 bathroom with a bidet and bathrobes. Towels and bed linen are offered in the apartment. For added privacy, the accommodation features a private entrance. An Italian breakfast is available at the apartment. A minimarket is available at the apartment. For guests with children, Colben Sea House - Tranquillità e Silenzio Fronte Mare offers a baby safety gate. Piazza dei Miracoli is 29 km from the accommodation, while Pisa Cathedral is 29 km from the property. Pisa International Airport is 21 km away.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Managed by a private host

Cosimo, a property with a bar, is situated in Livorno, 28 km from Piazza dei Miracoli, 28 km from Pisa Cathedral, as well as 28 km from Leaning Tower of Pisa. It is set less than 1 km from Livorno Port and offers a lift. Offering free WiFi throughout the property, the non-smoking apartment has beauty services. The apartment has 2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom, bed linen, towels, a flat-screen TV with streaming services, a dining area, a fully equipped kitchen, and a balcony with city views. The unit at the property features a bidet and a dressing room. The property has an outdoor dining area. There is a coffee shop, and a minimarket is also available. Stazione Livorno Centrale is 2.8 km from the apartment, while Botanical Gardens of Pisa is 27 km from the property. Pisa International Airport is 20 km away.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Managed by a private host

Offering quiet street views, Cozy Retreat in Coastal Livorno is an accommodation set in Livorno, 2.6 km from Rotonda Beach and 3 km from Spiaggia del Felciaio. The property is around 7.5 km from Livorno Port, 29 km from Piazza dei Miracoli and 30 km from Pisa Cathedral. Free WiFi is available throughout the property and Tre Ponti Beach is 2.5 km away. The air-conditioned apartment consists of 1 bedroom, a living room, a fully equipped kitchen with a dishwasher and a coffee machine, and 1 bathroom with a shower and a hair dryer. Towels and bed linen are featured in the apartment. For added privacy, the accommodation features a private entrance. Guests at the apartment will be able to enjoy activities in and around Livorno, like golfing and hiking. Leaning Tower of Pisa is 30 km from Cozy Retreat in Coastal Livorno, while Stazione Livorno Centrale is 5.9 km away. Pisa International Airport is 22 km from the property.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation.

With a stay at Da Linda in Livorno, you'll be within a 10-minute drive of Port of Livorno and Cisternone (Gran Conserva). This bed & breakfast is 19.6 mi (30.2 km) from Leaning Tower and 17.7 mi (28.7 km) from University of Pisa. This non-smoking bed and breakfast has free car park nearby. A free self-service breakfast is offered daily from 5:00 to 9:30. Enjoy a pleasant stay in one of the 3 bedrooms with flat screen TV. Keep in touch with your loved ones thanks to the free Wi-Fi Internet connection. Private bathrooms with showers have rainfall showerheads and complimentary toiletries. Conveniences include desks and coffee/tea makers, plus housekeeping is available daily. Some of the detailed services may be paid. You can check their rates directly at the establishment. The accommodation can change the way it offers its catering service according to needs. This information is subject to change by the accommodation.

Davantialmare is set in Livorno, 600 metres from Rotonda Beach, 700 metres from Scogli dell'Accademia Beach, and 5.8 km from Livorno Port. The property is located 31 km from Piazza dei Miracoli, 31 km from Pisa Cathedral and 31 km from Leaning Tower of Pisa. Free WiFi is available throughout the property and Spiaggia del Felciaio is 200 metres away. The apartment is composed of 1 bedroom, a fully equipped kitchen, and 1 bathroom. A flat-screen TV is featured. The accommodation is non-smoking. Stazione Livorno Centrale is 5.9 km from the apartment, while Botanical Gardens of Pisa is 30 km away. Pisa International Airport is 23 km from the property.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Managed by a private host

Property LocationLocated in Livorno, Dimora Storica Ai Casini D'Ardenza is by the ocean, a 5-minute drive from Terrazza Mascagni and 6 minutes from Museo Civico Giovanni Fattori. This golf bed & breakfast is 3 mi (4.8 km) from Livorno Cathedral and 3 mi (4.8 km) from Port of Livorno. Distances are to round numbers. Casini d'Ardenza Residence: 0.1 km Scogli della Rotonda: 0.3 km Spiaggia del Felciaio: 0.4 km Spiaggia della Rotonda: 0 .4 km Tre Ponti: 0.6 km Spiaggia della Vela: 0.6 km Scogli dell'Accademia: 0.9 km Spiaggia della tamerice: 1.4 km Cabianca: 1.4 km Armando Picchi Stadium: 1.6 km Calalonga: 1.6 km Italian Naval Academy: 1.6 km Scoglio della Ballerina - 1.7 km Spiaggia del sale - 2 km Spiaggia della Pendola - 2.5 km The nearest airport is in Pisa (PSA -Galileo Galilei): 29.9 km RoomsYou will feel at home in any of the 2 bedrooms with air conditioning and flat-screen TV. The free Wi-Fi Internet connection will keep you in touch with your loved ones; You can also watch your favourite program on the TV with digital channels. Bathbedrooms have complimentary toiletries and bidets. Conveniences include a desk and free bottled water, plus housekeeping is available daily. DiningTake advantage of the bed's room service during limited hours and breakfast, or buy something to eat at their snack-bar or delicatessen. A free buffet breakfast is served daily from 8:00 AM to 10:00 AM. Business and other services You will have express check-out, multilingual staff, and luggage storage at your provision. Self car park (for a fee) is available. Some of the detailed services may be paid. You can check their rates directly at the establishment. The accommodation can change the way it offers its catering service according to needs. This information is subject to change by the accommodation.

Located in Livorno, 1.6 km from Livorno Port and 27 km from Piazza dei Miracoli, Discover Apartment offers air conditioning. During your time staying in this recently renovated apartment, dating back to 1960, you will have access to free WiFi. The property is non-smoking and is situated 28 km from Pisa Cathedral. The 1-bedroom apartment comes with a living room with a flat-screen TV with streaming services, a fully equipped kitchen with a dishwasher and an oven, and 1 bathroom with bathrobes. Towels and bed linen are featured in the apartment. At the apartment, there is a dressing room for guests to change in. Leaning Tower of Pisa is 28 km from Discover Apartment, while Stazione Livorno Centrale is 2.3 km away. Pisa International Airport is 20 km from the property.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation.

Dolci Ricordi, a property with a garden and a terrace, is located in Livorno, 29 km from Piazza dei Miracoli, 29 km from Pisa Cathedral, as well as 30 km from Leaning Tower of Pisa. This property offers access to a patio and free private parking. The property is non-smoking and is set 8.7 km from Livorno Port. The spacious apartment with a balcony and city views features 2 bedrooms, a living room, a TV, an equipped kitchen with an oven and a fridge, and 1 bathroom with a bidet. Towels and bed linen are featured in the apartment. The property has an outdoor dining area. Stazione Livorno Centrale is 6.2 km from the apartment, while Botanical Gardens of Pisa is 29 km away. Pisa International Airport is 22 km from the property.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation.

Situated in Livorno, 1.4 km from Livorno Port and 27 km from Piazza dei Miracoli, "DueEmme Lodge", a pochi passi dal porto offers air conditioning. Among the facilities at this property are a 24-hour front desk and a lift, along with free WiFi throughout the property. The accommodation features airport transfers, while a bicycle rental service is also available. The spacious apartment has 2 bedrooms, a flat-screen TV with streaming services, a fully equipped kitchen with a microwave and a toaster, and 1 bathroom with a bidet. A private entrance leads guests into the apartment, where they can enjoy some wine or champagne and fruits. This apartment is allergy-free and non-smoking. The apartment specialises in a continental and Italian breakfast and breakfast in the room is also available. If you would like to discover the area, fishing, canoeing and hiking are possible in the surroundings and "DueEmme Lodge", a pochi passi dal porto can arrange a car rental service. Pisa Cathedral is 27 km from the accommodation, while Leaning Tower of Pisa is 28 km from the property. Pisa International Airport is 20 km away.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Managed by a private host

Offering a shared lounge and city view, Ecomarina is set in Livorno, 1.2 km from Livorno Port and 28 km from Piazza dei Miracoli. It is situated 28 km from Pisa Cathedral and offers private check-in and check-out. Leaning Tower of Pisa is 29 km away and Stazione Livorno Centrale is 3.1 km from the guest house. Every unit features a private bathroom and bidet, air conditioning, a flat-screen TV and a fridge. At the guest house, the units are fitted with bed linen and towels. Botanical Gardens of Pisa is 28 km from the guest house, while Acqua Village is 40 km away. Pisa International Airport is 21 km from the property.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply. Payment before arrival via bank transfer is required. The property will contact you after you book to provide instructions. Guests under the age of 18 can only check in with a parent or official guardian.

Situated in Livorno, ELEGANTE APPARTAMENTO A POCHI PASSI DAL MARE E DAL CENTRo is a recently renovated accommodation, 1.9 km from Livorno Port and 29 km from Piazza dei Miracoli. The air-conditioned accommodation is 29 km from Pisa Cathedral. Free WiFi is available throughout the property and Scogli dell'Accademia Beach is 2.6 km away. This apartment features 1 bedroom, a kitchen with an oven and a toaster, a flat-screen TV, a seating area and 1 bathroom fitted with a bidet. Towels and bed linen are available in the apartment. This apartment is non-smoking and soundproof. Leaning Tower of Pisa is 30 km from the apartment, while Stazione Livorno Centrale is 4.1 km from the property. Pisa International Airport is 22 km away.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply. Managed by a private host

Set in Livorno, Eleganza Marina is a recently renovated accommodation, 500 metres from Spiaggia del Felciaio and 6.2 km from Livorno Port. The holiday home, set in a building dating from 1932, is 31 km from Pisa Cathedral and 32 km from Leaning Tower of Pisa. The property is non-smoking and is situated 31 km from Piazza dei Miracoli. The air-conditioned holiday home consists of 2 bedrooms, a living room, a fully equipped kitchen with a dishwasher and a coffee machine, and 2 bathrooms with a bidet and bathrobes. A flat-screen TV is offered. For added privacy, the accommodation features a private entrance. A bar can be found on-site. Stazione Livorno Centrale is 6.4 km from the holiday home, while Botanical Gardens of Pisa is 31 km from the property. Pisa International Airport is 24 km away.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Managed by a private host

Offering a garden and garden view, Enjoy Toscana! is situated in Livorno, 1.5 km from Rotonda Beach and 7.1 km from Livorno Port. The air-conditioned accommodation is 1.2 km from Spiaggia del Felciaio, and guests can benefit from private parking available on site and free WiFi. The property is non-smoking and is set 1.4 km from Tre Ponti Beach. The spacious apartment has 1 bedroom, a flat-screen TV with streaming services, a fully equipped kitchen with a dishwasher and an oven, a washing machine, and 1 bathroom with a shower. Towels and bed linen are offered in the apartment. The property has an outdoor dining area. A minimarket is available at the apartment. The area is popular for windsurfing and cycling, and free use of bicycles is available at the apartment. Piazza dei Miracoli is 31 km from Enjoy Toscana!, while Pisa Cathedral is 32 km from the property. Pisa International Airport is 24 km away.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Managed by a private host

Situated in Livorno, Faby & Fra Apartments is a recently renovated accommodation, 2.9 km from Spiaggia del Felciaio and 4.5 km from Livorno Port. The property is located 29 km from Piazza dei Miracoli, 29 km from Pisa Cathedral and 30 km from Leaning Tower of Pisa. Free WiFi is available throughout the property and Scogli dell'Accademia Beach is 2.4 km away. The spacious apartment with a balcony and inner courtyard views has 2 bedrooms, a living room, a flat-screen TV, an equipped kitchen with a dishwasher and an oven, and 1 bathroom with a bidet. Towels and bed linen are available in the apartment. The accommodation is non-smoking. Stazione Livorno Centrale is 3 km from the apartment, while Botanical Gardens of Pisa is 29 km from the property. Pisa International Airport is 21 km away.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Managed by a private host

Set in Livorno, 2.8 km from Scogli dell'Accademia Beach and 1.4 km from Livorno Port, Faro b&b Livorno offers air-conditioned accommodation with a terrace and free WiFi. This recently renovated apartment is located 29 km from Piazza dei Miracoli and 29 km from Pisa Cathedral. The property is non-smoking and is situated 29 km from Leaning Tower of Pisa. The spacious apartment has 2 bedrooms, a flat-screen TV, an equipped kitchen, a washing machine and 1 bathroom with a bidet. The accommodation offers a fireplace. Stazione Livorno Centrale is 3.8 km from the apartment, while Botanical Gardens of Pisa is 28 km from the property. Pisa International Airport is 21 km away.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply. Managed by a private host

Fashion House in Livorno centro is set in Livorno, 27 km from Piazza dei Miracoli, 27 km from Pisa Cathedral, and 28 km from Leaning Tower of Pisa. The property is around 2.2 km from Stazione Livorno Centrale, 27 km from Botanical Gardens of Pisa and 49 km from Piazza Napoleone. Free WiFi is available throughout the property and Livorno Port is 1.8 km away. The air-conditioned apartment consists of 2 bedrooms, a living room, a fully equipped kitchen with a dishwasher and a coffee machine, and 1 bathroom with a bidet and a hair dryer. Towels and bed linen are featured in the apartment. Additional in-room amenities include wine or champagne. San Michele in Foro is 49 km from the apartment, while Guinigi Tower is 49 km away. Pisa International Airport is 20 km from the property.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties.

Fortezza Nuova Lovely Duplex Apartment is located in Livorno, 29 km from Pisa Cathedral, 29 km from Leaning Tower of Pisa, as well as 3.3 km from Stazione Livorno Centrale. It is situated 28 km from Piazza dei Miracoli and features a lift. Free WiFi is available throughout the property and Livorno Port is less than 1 km away. The spacious apartment has 2 bedrooms, a flat-screen TV, a fully equipped kitchen with a dishwasher and an oven, a washing machine, and 1 bathroom with a bidet. Towels and bed linen are available in the apartment. The accommodation is non-smoking. Botanical Gardens of Pisa is 28 km from the apartment, while Viareggio train station is 46 km from the property. Pisa International Airport is 19 km away.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply.

Offering inner courtyard views, [FREE PARKING] Appartamento 5 STELLE elegante con suite is an accommodation located in Livorno, 26 km from Piazza dei Miracoli and 27 km from Pisa Cathedral. This property offers access to a balcony, free private parking and free WiFi. The property is non-smoking and is set 4.2 km from Livorno Port. The spacious apartment with a terrace and garden views features 2 bedrooms, a living room, a flat-screen TV, an equipped kitchen with an oven and a microwave, and 1 bathroom with a bidet. The air-conditioned unit at the property features a shower and a dressing room. The property offers quiet street views. Leaning Tower of Pisa is 27 km from the apartment, while Stazione Livorno Centrale is 1.4 km away. Pisa International Airport is 19 km from the property.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Managed by a private host

Offering city views, Il Grattacielo B&B is an accommodation situated in Livorno, 2.7 km from Spiaggia del Felciaio and 3.8 km from Livorno Port. Among the facilities at this property are a lift and private check-in and check-out, along with free WiFi throughout the property. The property is non-smoking and is set 2.3 km from Scogli dell'Accademia Beach. The air-conditioned bed and breakfast consists of 1 separate bedroom, 1 bathroom with a hair dryer, a seating area, and a living room. Towels and bed linen are offered in the bed and breakfast. For added privacy, the accommodation features a private entrance. Piazza dei Miracoli is 29 km from the bed and breakfast, while Pisa Cathedral is 30 km from the property. Pisa International Airport is 22 km away.A surcharge applies for arrivals outside check-in hours. All requests for late arrival are subject to confirmation by the property.Please inform in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation. Payment before arrival via bank transfer is required. The property will contact you after you book to provide instructions. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply. This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Managed by a private host

Located in Livorno, 27 km from Piazza dei Miracoli and 28 km from Pisa Cathedral, Il Garibaldino offers air conditioning. The property features city views and is 28 km from Leaning Tower of Pisa and 1.9 km from Stazione Livorno Centrale. Free WiFi is available throughout the property and Livorno Port is 1.4 km away. This apartment comes with 1 bedroom, a kitchen with a microwave and a fridge, a flat-screen TV, a seating area and 1 bathroom equipped with a bidet. Towels and bed linen are featured in the apartment. The accommodation is non-smoking. A minimarket is available at the apartment. Botanical Gardens of Pisa is 27 km from the apartment, while Piazza Napoleone is 49 km away. Pisa International Airport is 20 km from the property.This property will not accommodate hen, stag or similar parties. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply. Managed by a private host